The Royal Family

At present the British royal family is headed by Queen Elizabeth. When the Queen was born on the 21st of April 1926, her grandfather, King George V, was on the throne and her uncle was his heir. The death of her grandfather and the abdication of her uncle brought her father to the throne as King George VI.As a chi1ld she studied constitutional history and law as well as art and music. In addition she learned to ride and acquired her enthusiasm for horses. As she grew older she began to take part in public life, making her first broadcast at the age of 14.The marriage of the young Princess Elizabeth to Philip, Duke of Edinburgh took place in November 1947. She came to the throne after her father's death in 1952 and was crowned in Westminster Abbey in June 1953.Among Queen Elizabeth's many duties are the regular visits she makes to foreign countries, and especially those of the Commonwealth, whose interests and welfare are very important to her. The Queen has allowed the BBC to make a documentary film about the every day of the royal family. She also started the tradition of the "walkabout", an informal feature of an otherwise formal royal visit, when she walks among the public crowds and stops to talk to some people.The annual Christmas broadcast made by the Queen on radio and television has become a traditional and popular feature of the season, and there were widespread celebrations and special programmes of events in 1977 to mark her Silver Jubilee.The Queen's husband, Duke of Edinburgh was born in 1926 and served in the Royal Navy. He takes a great deal of interest in industry, in the achievements of young people (he founded Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme in 1956) and in saving raise wild animals from extinction.The Queen's heir is Charles, Prince of Wales, who was born in 1948, married Lady Diana Spencer and has two ch1ildren, Prince William and Prince Harry. The Prince of Wales is well-known as a keen promoter of British interest. In recent years he has become outspoken on such controversial topics as modern architecture, violence in films and on television, and the standard of English teaching in schools. His wife Diana, Princess of Wales (often called in mass media Princess Di), won the affection of many people by her modesty, shyness and beauty. Unfortunately, she died in a car accident in August, 1997.The Queen's other chi1ldren are Princess Anne (born in 1950), Prince Andrew (born in 1960) and Prince Edward (born in 1964). Anne, Princess Royal, has acquired a reputation for being arrogant, but in recent years has become quite popular with the general public.The Queen is widely known for her interest in horses and horse-racing. She is now president of the Save the Chi1ldren Fund, Chancellor of the University of London and carries out many public engagements.Prince Andrew, Duke of York, served as a helicopter pilot in the Royal Navy. In 1986 he married Miss Sarah Ferguson (Fergie, for short) and has two daughters. Prince Edward is keen on the theatre. This interest began while he was at university. He quit the Royal Marines, and is now pursuing a career with a theatrical company.The Queen Mother, the widow of the late King George VI, celebrated her one hundred birthday in 2 000 and died in 2002. The Queen's only sister, Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, is well-known for her charity work.

Hollydays

The origin of the word &'Holiday&' was found in the Old English. Many hundred years ago people use the verbal construction &'Halig daeg&' as the name of pagan festivals. Later we can find it in the form of open compound &'Holy day&' in Medieval English. It meant a day of religious celebrating when Christianity has come to the Western Europe. In the Modern English, the noun &'Holiday&' has finally replaced all earlier forms and we are happy to hear it because it means that we will have a long-awaited relax in our vacation or a red-letter day.Today we use this word in the various cases because it can be realized as:birthday, jubilee or a day anniversary of the famous historical occasion;ecclesiastic date, religious festival or day of honour of saints. Orthodox Crunch has twelve major holidays: Christmas, Baptism, Annunciation, Fulfilment, Palm Sunday, Ascension, Trinity, Transfiguration, Assumption, Nativity of the Virgin, Exaltation (the Cross of the Lord), Introduction (Theotokos to the Temple);family or personal date of memory and celebration of something;day of games, entertainment and sports;feeling of happiness, joy and triumph inside.Every country or nation has its own favourite holidays based on the history, habits and faiths. An intelligent person learns and honours traditions of native land and other commonages.Public holidays, festivals and carnivals can help you to dive headlong in other cultures. Cooperative weekends and trips will turn your family members and friends get together. There are also many advantages of knowledge about important dates and celebrations!

Beauty and happiness

Parable from Alexander BellaThe girl asked the sage:- Why are strong and beautiful rarely kind?The sage looked at her - petty and nondescript. Mentally sighed. After a pause, he said:- When bodies are offered to souls, those for whom the external is more important choose the best-looking shells. Beautiful souls are kind and generous, therefore inferior to others, often instilling in what remains. To show: not all the gold that glitters is present not to be shown and hidden ... But the main thing is that happiness is not attached to beauty.Now the girl sighed:&'Then why is it not attached to beautiful souls?&' After all, it is more difficult for them to deserve it than beautiful outside.&'What we have not spent on, we do not value and easily lose,&' the sage answered.And he thought: &'Ugly girls are sure of the highest injustice. The beautiful ones are somehow ready to put up with what they found. But only the happy ones, whether they are beautiful or not, are convinced that everything is arranged correctly. Until happy. &'

Madam Tussaud's

Madam Tussaud's is the most popular and talked about wax museum in the world. There are wax models of the famous and infamous, both living and dead, from every walk of life.Elvis Presley, the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Marilyn Monro, Michael Jackson, Alfred Hitchcock, Charlie Chaplin, the British Royal family, Bill Clinton, Jack the Ripper... There is no other place where you can see all the celebrities at once, even if they are only wax figures. So if you want to rub shoulders with kings and queens or the latest pop stars, or probably with notorious criminals, this is the place to go.The museum is situated in Marylebone Road, not far from the street which is famous as the home of the first great detective in fiction, Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes.There's usually a long queue in front of the museum. No wonder! Many tourists would consider their trip to London worthless if they didn't visit the famous Madam Tussaud's. There are several halls at Madam Tussaud's. Highlights include the Grand Hall, the Chamber of Horrors and "The Spirit of London" exhibition.The wax figures are standing and sitting, and sometimes even moving and talking. They are extremely realistic and when they look at you, their eyes sparkling, you often feel uncomfortable in their company. Computer controlled figures (they are called audioanimatronics) are especially popular with the visitors.New models are being produced all the time while the old ones are quietly removed from display. Over the years hundreds of celebrities have made their way to Madame Tussaud's studio. Most people agree to be portrayed, but some refuse. Mother Teresa was one of the few who declined, saying her work was important, not her person.

Cold War

The Cold War was the open yet restricted struggle that developed after World War II between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies. The struggle was named the Cold War because it did not actually lead to direct armed conflict between the superpowers on a wide scale. The Cold War was waged by means of economic pressure, selective aid, intimidation, diplomatic maneuvering, propaganda, assassination, local conflicts, low-intensity military operations and full-scale war from 1947until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Cold War saw the largest conventional and the first nuclear arms race in history. The term was popularized by the U.S. political adviser and financier Bernard Baruch in April 1947 during a debate on the Truman-Doctrine. It was coined by Eric A. Blair and George Orwell in an essay titled «You and the Atomic Bomb» on October 19,1945 in the British magazine Tribune.The Cold War is usually considered to have occurred approximately from the end of the strained alliance between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during World War II until the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Korean War; the Hungarian and Czech Revolutions; the Bay of Pigs Invasion and Cuban Missile Crisis; the Vietnam War; the Afghan War; and U.S. backed military coups against governments in Iran (1953), Guatemala (1954), and civil wars in countries such as Angola, El Salvador, and Nicaragua were some of the occasions when the tension related to the Cold War took the form of an armed conflict.One major hotspot of conflict was Germany, particularly the city of Berlin. The most vivid symbol of the Cold War was the Berlin Wall. The Wall isolated West Berlin, the portion of the city controlled by West Germany and the Allies, from East Berlin and the territory of East Germany, which completely surrounded it.The Korean peninsula remains a hotspot. The states of North Korea and South Korea and her allies also technically remain at war because although a truce is in effect, no formal peace treaty was ever signed. As a result, tension still remains high on the Korean peninsula, especially since North Korea declared to possess nuclear weapons.In such conflicts, the major powers operated in good part by arming or funding surrogates, a development that lessened direct impact on the populations of the major powers, but brought the conflict to millions of civilians around the world.In the strategic conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union a major arena was the strategy of technology. It also involved covert conflict through active acts of espionage.Particularly revolutionary advances were made in the field of nuclear weapons and rocketry. In reality most or all of the rockets used to launch humans and satellites into orbit were originally military designs.Other fields in which arms races occurred include: jet fighters, bombers, chemical weapons, biological weapons, anti-aircraft warfare, surface-to-surface missiles and cruise missiles, intercontinental ballistic missiles, anti-tank weapons, submarines and anti-submarine warfare, submarine-launched ballistic missiles, electronic intelligence, signals intelligence, reconnaissance aircraft and spy satellites.All of these fields required massive technological and manufacturing investment. In many fields, the West created weapons with superior effectiveness, mainly due to their lead in digital computers. However, the Eastern bloc fielded a larger number of military designs in each field and built a larger number of weapons.In the 1970s, the Cold War gave way to detente and a more complicated pattern of international relations in which the world was no longer split into two clearly opposed blocs. U.S.-Soviet relations would deteriorate once again in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but improved as the Soviet bloc started to unravelin the late 1980s. With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia lost the superpower status that it had won in World War II.

Fahrenheit 451°

Ray Bradbury&'s works belong to science fiction, that is fiction in which scientific discoveries and developments form an element of the plot or the background. Very often works of science fiction are based on future possibilities. In science fiction the impossible is presented as possible. A science fiction writer may carry his characters, and consequently the reader, into remote future, prehistoric past, to unknown worlds or to the sanctuary of human mind.Themes of Ray Bradbury&'s writing are extremely various, they comprise earthly affairs and space travelling. His literary credo is, as he himself puts it, «to make the commonplace miraculous, to make the miraculous commonplace».He is not so much interested in mechanical contrivances as in man&'s psychology and social behaviour in new and unexpected circumstances. His dreams of future are more of warnings of the future. This makes Bradbury turn to satire. In many of his stories and in «Fahrenheit 451°» in particular, he exposes to ridicule many traits of American reality. The novel established Bradbury&'s reputation as a first-rank writer, it is an antiutopian novel and a warning. The social background is prompted by the fascist tendencies in the post-war years in the USA, known as the time of witch-hunting and maccartism (named so after the reactionary senator Mac Carthy). It was a period in the history of the USA when progressive organizations and activities were prosecuted and suppressed. The action of the novel takes place in not very remote future, most likely at the beginning of the twenty-first century.Fahrenheit 451° (about 233° Centigrade) is the burning point of paper. Since at the time described houses are fire-proof, the role of firemen consists in making flames instead of extinguishing them. People are allowed to think or know only what is presented by the supertelevision. Books are forbidden. The ownership of books results in burning volumes and owners alike. The central character of the novel is Guy Montag, an enthusiastic fireman, who meets a girl from a relict family, cherishing old views and traditions. Against his own will and accepted views Montag begins to think.

Moscow

Moscow is the capital of Russia, its political, economic, commercial and cultural centre.Moscow is the largest metropolitan area in Russia with the population of about 10 million people, one of the largest cities in the world. The city is situated on low hills on the banks of the Moskva River. The original settlement was founded where the Kremlin now stands. Because of its central location in the heart of European Russia, Moscow became a focal point for important trade routes.Moscow was first mentioned in the chronicles in 1147. It is the official date of the foundation of Moscow, though the settlement had been there for some time before. It was fortified and became a market town in the late 12th century. The town was almost totally destroyed in 1237 and 1293 during the Tatar invasion. In the early 14th century Moscow became the political and religious centre of the north-eastern part of Russia. It was again captured by the Tatars in 1382. By the end of the 15th century, Moscow extended its rule over most of central and northern Russia. Its rulers continued to build fortifications around it.The transfer of the capital by Peter the Great to St. Petersburg in 1712 brought a period of decline to Moscow. In 1812 came the Napoleon&'s conquest and the city was destroyed by fire. The city was rebuilt within a short period. In the 19th century Moscow became a centre for industry and commerce, as well as a leading cultural, scientific and political centre.Moscow is the seat of the Government of the Russian Federation.Moscow is Russia&'s largest industrial city. Nearly 30 percent of the city&'s workforce is employed in industry and industrial research. Some of Russia&'s largest plants are located in or around Moscow. Metallurgy, metal processing and engineering are the largest industrial sectors. Other large sectors are textiles, clothing and footwear, chemical and petrochemical industries, electronic instruments and automation equipment.Moscow, apart from its political, administrative and economic functions as the capital of Russia, is its leading cultural centre. It is the seat of the Academy of Sciences. Russia&'s largest University, over 80 scientific research institutions, technical colleges and academies of music and art are situated here. The city also contains the Russian State Library, with one of the largest and richest archives in the world, over 80 museums, the famous Bolshoi and Maly Theatres, opera and ballet. It is one of the world&'s largest publishing centres. Moscow is Russia&'s mam tourist attraction.

At the Theatre

To tell the truth, I seldom visit theatres, but I have already watched one performance this year. Recently my friend Dmitriy invited me to the theatre to watch opera Eugene Onegin. I dressed up in my best long dress and applied evening makeup. Dmitriy wore his black suit.We met an hour before the play and walked to the theatre.At the theatre, we bought the booked tickets and took our seats. I liked the interior of the theatre.We watched the opera from the balcony. There were three acts and two intermissions. During intermissions we drank coffee in the theatre&'s bar.In the beginning I couldn't understand the words, because the actors were singing. Their actions, though, helped to follow the plot. It was a story about love and broken hearts. My impression of the opera was contradictory. On the one hand, I liked the costumes and acting. On the other hand, I didn&'t like much singing, though it was excellent.

Wanderer and the Pauper

For more than 30 years, the beggar sat on the side of the road. Once a page passed by.- Serve some coins, the beggar mumbled with his toothless mouth, mechanically holding out an old baseball cap to him.&'I have nothing to give you,&' said the wanderer. And then he asked, what are you sitting on.&'Yes, there&'s nothing on it,&' said the beggar, it&'s just an old box. I sit on it for as long as I can remember.- And inside, sometime I looked, the wanderer asked.&'No, the beggar said, what is the point of nothing there.&'&'And look,&' the wanderer insisted.The beggar began to lift the lid, with great surprise and delight, not believing his own eyes, he saw that the box was full of gold.&'I am that same wanderer who has nothing to give you and who offers you to look inside, but not inside a box like in this parable, but much closer inside himself.&' But I am not a beggar, can I hear from you in response, those who did not find their true treasure, that radiant joy of being and deep steady, unshakable peace that comes with him and there are beggars, even if they own unimaginable wealth they seek outside, they rummage in the dark, in search of fragmentary pleasures and their own realization, thirsting for recognition and self-affirmation, they seek security, they want love, at the same time they have at their disposal such inner wealth that encompasses not only all of the above, but also infinitely more bigger than the offer the world.

Extreme Sports

Speed, excitement, danger. You can find all these in the different extreme sports that have become popular last 10 years. Take bungee jumping. You jump off a bridge and you fall and fall, and then, just before you hit the ground or water, an elastic rope pulls you back. In skysurfing you jump out of aeroplane and use a board to &'surf&' the air, doing gymnastics in mid-air! And extreme sports on land can be just as dangerous.Winter sports have always an element of danger. For example snowboarding, which has all the excitement of surfing but on snow, is more dangerous even than skiing. Probably the most dangerous of all the new winter sports is snowrafting. You sit in a rubber boat and sail down a mountain at great speed &'" and you can't control the boat!Of course, water sports have always been fun. Ice diving, for those people who are absolutely crasy. You put on diving equipment and dive under a frosen lake. And, if that's not enough, you try to walk upside down on the ice! I feel cold just thinking about it.A lot of people are not fit nowadays. It's a big problem today. If you want to feel fit you'd better go in for one kind of sport or another. I think that everyone must do all he can to be healthy. Good health is better than the best medicine. All kinds of physical exercises are very useful to make our bodies strong and to keep ourselves fit and healthy. To tell the truth I don't do sports regularly and it is not an essential part of my daily life. In the morning I do some exercises just to awake. In summer I go swimming as there is a beautiful lake with pure water where my Granny lives. In winter I swim in the swimming pool. I like to ride the bike. I shouldn't call myself a sports fan. Of course , I like to watch sports competitions on TV, like hockey or football. But most of all I admire extreme kinds of sport. I think they are really cool.

Moscow

Moscow is the capital of Russia. And of course, it is the centre of Russian economy, politics, and culture. The city was built many centuries ago by Yuri Dolgorukiy, the Rurikid prince. It is situated on the banks of the Moscow River. Nowadays, Moscow is the largest city in the country with the population of more than 13 million residents. The Russian capital is also considered to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world. Red Square is the heart of the city in all senses. The Kremlin and St. Basil's Cathedral are situated there. These constructions are the outstanding examples of ancient Russian architecture. The Spasskaya Tower, which is the main tower of the Kremlin, is now a symbol of the country. However, on the territory of the Kremlin, you can also see other cathedrals, the Bell Tower, the Tzar-Cannon and the Tzar-Bell, and the Palace of Congress. Apart from the Kremlin, one of the most popular tourist attractions is the Lenin&'s Mausoleum. It is also placed on Red Square. Hundreds of people wait in lines for hours in order to enter the tomb and to see Lenin&'s body. In addition, Moscow is famous for theatres. Bolshoi Opera house is considered one of the best theatres in the world. There are over 80 universities in Moscow some of which are in the list of World&'s prime higher education institutes. All in all, Moscow is a varied city that amazes with its sizes, culture, and people. Many foreigners come there not only as tourists but also to do business or to live in this vibrant capital.

American Symbols

The American flag is often called "The Stars and Stripes", it is also called "Old Glory". It represents the growth of the nation. It has 13 horizontal stripes,7 red and 6 white which stand for the original 13 states. In the top left hand corner there are 50 white stars on a blue background: one star for each state.The national anthem of the United States is "The Star Spangled Banner". The words written during the Anglo-American war of 1812&'"1814 and set to the music of an old song. Every state has its own flag, its own emblem and its own anthem too.The eagle became the national emblem of the country in 1782. It has an olive branch (a symbol of peace) and arrows (a symbol of strength). You can see the eagle on the back of a dolliar bill.The Statue of Liberty is the symbol of American democracy. It stands on Liberty Island in New York. It is one of the first things people see when they arrive in New York by sea. This National Monument was a present from France to the USA. France gave the statue to America in 1884 as a symbol of friendship. Liberty carries the torch of freedom &'" in her right hand. In her left hand she is holding a tablet with the inscription "July 4, 1776" &'" American Independence Day.

The story of two hearts

Between two hearts, a mutual attraction once arose. When this attraction became very strong, a spark slipped between them, and then a flame lit up. This flame was called "love." Hearts joined together, and the rest of the world for them seemed to have disappeared. It was an intoxicating night, in which only stars and their own flame shone. But, as often happens, morning came after the night.The flames of both hearts gave rise to a small heart, and through the morning mist, obscure outlines of the world began to emerge. And lo, a miracle! They could admire the born little heart, the fruit of their love. It was amazing and so similar to them!But life goes on. The fog cleared, and a huge real world appeared before them. The growing small heart was very restless and required a lot of care. In the light of day, what was not visible under the cover of night became noticeable. For example, hearts were not so perfect. Longing for the past romantic night fell in the morning dew. But there is no time to be sad, complaining about fate. I wanted to live, build a house and raise a great heart from a small heart.In the light of day, the real world scared. What will happen next? While in the constant labors and cares, the hearts got used to each other as they really were, the first wrinkles appeared on them. "What to do? Why all this? &'Asked the heart.&'The point,&' some said, &'is to give birth to a small heart and plant a tree.&'- Already gave birth, already planted. What's next? Is life over now? No, something is wrong here, they answered.And so, the hearts decided to go for advice to a wise old man living in a sunny meadow.- When you looked at each other in love, you did not notice the world around you. When the romantic fog cleared and the real world opened up to you, then the dew fell in tears. But labor and concern for the little heart you gave birth to drained it. A hard day began. What's next? - the elder looked at them with love, grinned and, raising his hand up, continued: - Look at the sky and the Sun. Find them in yourself!- In itself? - the hearts were surprised.- Yes, it is in myself. In the very center of you, in the place called the soul, there is this sky and the Sun. When you find them there, light will start to come from your soul and you will look at the world around you frightening with completely different eyes. You will understand that the Great Love of the Sun lives in every heart. It appears in every tree and in every blade of grass. You will notice that the air around you is filled with this amazing energy. When you can see this sun, then rush to it, and your life will be filled with great meaning. The time will come and you will return to where you came from. You will return home. To the house of the sun.

Cloning

Films and science fiction books have often played with the idea of reproducing exact copies of people. Today, science fiction has become science fact. We have our first real clones, though they are not human beings &'" yet!The gene revolution began in 1997, when British scientists from Edinburgh University produced the first cloned sheep, Dolly. Since then scientists have cloned mice, cows, dogs and pigs. Cloning animals opens exciting medical possibilities.Many people are in need of tissues and organs for transplantation. But it isn't easy to get such organs as, for example, heart, liver or kidneys. Cloning can solve this problem.Many animals are on the brink of extinction. Cloning can be used to preserve them.Scientists can create animals which produce more milk, meat and wool, or animals which don't catch certain diseases. This can save the lives of starving people.Cloning is a controversial issue. Some people are ready to eat cloned fruits and vegetables, but many people are against cloning animals. They think it is morally unacceptable. The question of human cloning is even more controversial.Suppose we cloned a man. Are we really sure he will be a man? Who will be responsible for him? Who will bring him up? Will he be happy? Will he have the same rights as we have? What would happen if a dictator, someone like Hitler, cloned himself? Would we be able to survive?Nevertheless, the idea of human cloning seems very exciting.

The Civil War

The purpose of the Civil War was to restore the Union of the Individual states and to preserve the Constitution. However, Congress was determined to make emancipation (freeing of the slaves) the primary issue of the war. Just before the outbreak of the Civil War, two issues faced the nation. The first was the freeing of the slaves, which the Southerners believed was a loss of property. The second issue was the right of secession (the withdrawal of a state from the Union). The Constitution was an agreement between the states, so therefore each state had the right to leave the Union when they pleased. These issues divided the nation. In February of 1861, the Confederation states of America was formed. It consisted of South Caroline, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas. On the 1st of January, 1863, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring the freedom of slaves. However, the actual end of slavery did not come until 1865. The Civil War came to an end on the 1st of April, 1865. With the end of the war came the concept that the United States is not a group of states but rather one nation. With the emancipation of the slaves, new issues, such as civil rights, appeared.

British and American Families

British and American families are small. In fact the populations of both Britain and the USA have stopped growing. The typical family has a father, mother and two ch1ldren. Grandparents come to visit, but do not usually live with their ch1ldren.Most people get married between the ages of 20 and 23 but many marriages end in divorce. This means that both countries have a large number of "single parent families", one father or mother looking after their ch1ldren alone.The typical British family has a car, a colour TV set, a washing machine, and a cat or dog as well. They start the day at about 7 o'clock, have breakfast at 8 and are off to work by 8.30. More and more women now go out to work as well as men. The ch1ldren have lunch at school at about 12.30, and come home at 4 in the afternoon. Their parents are usually home by 6 o'clock, and the family eats together at 6.30 or 7. In the evenings, father may go to the pub for a drink, or stay at home and watch TV with the others. Ch1ldren go to bed early, at about 8 o'clock, two or three hours before their parents.A typical American family has more money than a British family. Many have two or three cars, large modern kitchens and more electrical devices. They eat more meat and spend more on clothes. But their daily programme is nearly the same. Like British ch1ldren, American ch1ldren eat lunch at school, come home mid-afternoon, and go to bed earlier than their parents.

Live for pleasure

Someone told Amu that wisdom has little meaning. After all, it only brings sadness, a companion of troubles and death. We must live for the pleasures that life gives us, for the sake of its most powerful impressions.The sage looked at the speaker and answered:- I like your thought process. Why live, if not in order to feel alive and experience all the pleasures of life? If I hadn&'t serve wisdom, I probably would have also been looking for some entertainment, trying to know, and then convey, bragging, my feelings. But wisdom tells me that the strongest impressions are inexpressible: so we can&'t tell about our first strongest impression - the birth of the world, but already ...

SAVE NATURE AND ENVIROMENT!!!

I think that Russia is one of the dirtiest countries in the world. In Russia almost every family has a car. And fumes of cars are very dangerous. Our factories, cars, trains and planes make the air dirty, so the atmosphere is polluted.I believe that one day somebody will invent energy that hasn&'t fumes. Or people will use renewable energy, for example solar energy, wind energy or hydro-electric dams. I know that these energies aren&'t so powerful, but we can use it sometimes, for example for cookers.I think that right now we need new energy, because oil and coal are disappearing. All countries will be in the economiccrisis, if we don&'t find new energy!I know that the world is getting hotter because of us! When the sun shines, everything gets hot and the dirt stops the hot air from going up to the sky. Because the hot air has nowhere to go, everything gets hotter.Our world is warmer than it was one hundred years ago. Hot countries may become drier and the people who live there won&'t be able to grow enough food. Ice in cold areas is changing to water because of higher temperatures. When this happens, the sea levels become bigger. Some towns near the sea may have a problem soon.We can help if we stop making the air dirty but we must do something fast!In addition, not many people understand that they are polluting environment. They are dropping litter on the streets. In my opinion drop litter or rubbish in the dustbin isn&'t hard it&'s easy.I think that there must be group of people who will follow the people whodrop litter in the streets. Finally there must be more bins in the streets. And, of course, don&'t cut down trees!!! Grow trees, they clean the air!I&'m sure all is in hands of people. I call up: Protect environment, save nature!I always drop litter in bins and call up my friends to do the same. Maybe when I grow up somebody will have already invented clean and powerful energy.SAVE NATURE AND ENVIROMENT!!!

The Parable of Talent

Talent traveled around the world. Many wanted to make friends with him.The mind said:- Talent, let's live together. You will help me skillfully apply the mind.Stupidity suggested:&'Talent, come live with me.&' Seeing you nearby, people will not laugh at me.Wealth persuaded:- Talent, with your help I will get even more rich.Poverty requested:&'Talent, help me endure the need.&'But the talent was looking for a special friend who would help him become more beautiful and serve people.&'Look for a friend until you find one.&' If you want to achieve something, you need to go hard to the goal, no matter what, &'said the perseverance to the talent.&'I need just such a friend!&' - exclaimed the talent. - Without perseverance, any talent is futile.

Nature of Australia

Australia is characterized by the extraordinary uniqueness of the animal and plant world. More than half of the 266 species of marsupial mammals of the Earth are found only there. The marsupials include kangaroos, koalas, marsupial fly hounds and bandicoots. Platypus and echidna are the only mammals that lay eggs, also live in Australia. Wet tropical forests and swamps of the northeast, where many crocodiles and water birds, are replaced in the central part by hot sandy and stony deserts. Sometimes it does not rain for several years. In the south, the climate is softer, and along with grassy savannas, eucalyptus forests are found there.The tropical rainforest stretches along the northern and north-eastern coasts of Australia. There are magnificent palm trees, Australian pine, tree ferns and orchids. In the middle part of the eastern coast - the area of rain subtropical forests - reigns pine-agathis and a variety of eucalypts.Poisonous animals - snakes, spiders and scorpions live in the vast deserts of central Australia. Deserts and dry bushes occupy more than half of the continent. One of the most common trees in these places is the mule, a kind of bushy acacia. The mule gives food and shelter to many animals.The marsupial bear koala feeds on and lives only in the eucalyptus forests of Australia. It feeds and sleeps for 18 hours a day in the trees. There are about 50 species of kangaroos, including red kangaroos in Australia. This is one of the largest species. Males of red kangaroos reach 2 m in height.There are more than two thousand national parks and reserves in Australia, their area of 80 million hectares. Among them are the "Seals of the Rock" in New South Wales and the Leamington National Park

American money

The dollar is an American money, which is also the main unit among the world's reserve currencies. Experts have found that the most of the world's foreign trade turnover is expressed in US dollars. One dollar is equal to one hundred cents. It is also a national currency in many different states, or it is used in parallel with other monetary units. Currently, the largest banknote is represented as 100 dollars, the smallest one is one dollar. Previously, there were banknotes with a larger denomination, such as one thousand, five hundred, five and ten thousand. Soon they withdrew from circulation, and now if they meet, then at auctions or in collections. Such banknotes are considered rare.Each year the United States of America produces more than 30 million dollar bills of different face value. Most of them are used to replace worn out banknotes. In 1928, it was decided to depict banknotes of prominent American political figures. These included presidents, great publicists, finance ministers, representatives of the Supreme Court. The reverse side of the banknotes depicts the history of the American continent.Initially, the color of the dollar was green. In the last decade there were banknotes of pink and sand colors. All of them are made of special paper based on flax and cotton, and protected by watermarks, microprint and protective fiber. In the fight against counterfeiters, images and the design of the dollar change every 8-10 years.

Hey guys, would you like to spend Christmas vacation in this place ? Algarrobo Basin, Chile

To imagine the length of this creation of human hands, imagine a swimming pool at the Olympics and then try to imagine 20 (!) such pools. It is built in the small town of Algarrobo in Chile. This is not only the longest pool, but also the deepest.

Hello my dear friend. Listen, I’ve found one beautiful place here, and I’m thinking about starting to save for travel. What do you think? Fjordland Park, New Zealand

In the Fiordland National Park you can go on a boat cruise, play paintball, ride kayaks and bicycles, make a sightseeing flight, go fishing and attend various family events. And all this - in the largest park in New Zealand, where, among other things, you can see many animals: dolphins and seals, deer and hares, parrots and kiwi.

Listen, would you like to have a Cup of coffee with me in this place ? Fiordland Park, New Zealand

The Fjordland national Park offers boat cruises, paintball, kayaking, Biking, sightseeing, fishing and a variety of family activities. And all this - in the largest Park in New Zealand, where, among other things, you can see a lot of animals: dolphins and seals, deer and hares, parrots and kiwis.

Hey ! Would you like to spend our first date here? Petra, Jordan

The ancient city of Petra, built before our era, lost in the Sands, still amazes the imagination. Its inhabitants in due time learned not only to extract water in the desert, but also skillfully were able to work with a stone. Therefore, many centuries later, more than half a million tourists annually come to Jordan to see with their own eyes the majestic buildings that testify to the glorious past of Petra.

JATAKI

Arrogance, greed, Brahmin swagger,Hostility, vanity and delusion -All these vices of dignity destroyHe who is inclined toward them is not worthy of gifts.But those who are not committed to such vices -Reliable, worthy of any offerings.

Taste of life.

10 years after graduation, former graduates came to visit a professor who taught them psychology.We sat and talked. And when the professor asked how they were doing, in response he heard a stream of complaints about numerous life difficulties.A welcoming host invited the young people to drink tea on herbs and brought a teapot and tray from the kitchen, laden with a variety of cups - porcelain, glass, crystal; simple and refined. When the graduates took apart the dishes, the professor said:&'If you notice, all the expensive cups are taken apart. Simple and cheap no one wanted to take. The desire to have only the best is the source of your problems. Understand: a cup does not make tea tastier and more aromatic. Sometimes it&'s just more expensive, and sometimes it hides what we drink. You wanted tea, this is your real desire.But you deliberately chose the best dishes and began to look at who got what. Now think: life is a drink, and work, money, position, society are cups. Just tools to distract you from life. Which cup we have does not determine or change the value of our lives. Sometimes, concentrating on a cup, we forget to enjoy the taste of Life itself.

Eckhart Tolle

Staying in nature, almost its total presence. Be quiet.Look.Listen.Contemplation of nature will free you from the " I " - the eternal disturber of peace and tranquility.

SummerTime

Summer day tends to evening. The sky is gradually darkening, the air is getting cooler. It seems that now it may rain, but inclement weather is a rarity for the summer season. The forest is becoming quieter, but the sounds do not disappear at all. Some animals hunt at night, the darkest time of day for them is the most favorable time. Their eyesight is poorly developed, but they have excellent sense of smell and hearing. Such animals include, for example, hedgehog. Sometimes you can hear how the throat moans.A nightingale sings at night. In the afternoon, he also performs a solo part, but in the midst of polyphony it is difficult to hear and disassemble it. Another thing at night. Someone is singing, someone is groaning. But overall, the forest freezes. Nature rests in order to delight everyone again in the morning.

About endorphin

Endorphin is considered a chemical-biological compound that is produced in the brain, and can also block pain, thereby acting as a narcotic. In addition, endorphin determines the psycho-emotional state of a person and takes an active part in the work of the endocrine glands. The release of endorphins occurs due to the activity of betalipotrophin, which in turn is produced by the pituitary gland. This substance is of great importance for the whole body and supports the hormonal composition of internal organs.So, you can include chili pepper in your diet, which increases the level of endorphin. In order to increase the level of this substance in a few minutes, you need to put a little pepper under the tongue for several minutes. Thus, you can not only feel much better, but also get rid of pain. The second way to increase endorphin is to think positively and not to give in to a bad mood. To do this, you need to learn to control your thoughts, and if someone spoiled your mood, then you should not focus too much on this.The most effective way to increase endorphin is considered to be carnal pleasures, during which a person receives not only moral, but also physical saturation. You can also treat yourself to chocolate, which contains the &'hormone of happiness&'. But do not lean too much on sweets, as extra pounds will not bring you joy. Some people attend all kinds of exhibitions, go to theatrical premieres and chat with nice people.As for the content of this biological substance in food, most of this substance is found in avocados. So, if in the morning there is an avocado, then you can cheer yourself up for the whole day, even if heavy rain pours outside the window. In addition, products such as potatoes, cilantro and mustard also contain a small amount of this compound.

guys, I found an interesting fact about everyone's favorite TV series "friends"! And you knew it!?

Lisa Kudrow hates to play the guitar. She even suggested that the writers replace the instrument with Bongo drums, but they responded by hiring her a guitar teacher. Kudrow was never able to learn anything but a couple of chords, and decided that her Phoebe would be a bad self-taught musician. For that we are grateful to her, because we love "Tattered cat" just the way he is!

Would you like to spend time there with me?) Horseshoe bend, United States

We're back to the Colorado river. This time &'" to see the Horseshoe meander at the Glen canyon national recreation area. The place is very popular among tourists, because it is really picturesque and you can make great pictures for memory. It is also very easy to reach, with road 89 near Horseshoe bend.

About Space

in fact, even modern people know very little about the vast Universe in which they live.Scientists are constantly conducting research and experiments that would allow a breakthrough in this area, and sometimes it succeeds.This review contains interesting facts about space, which not everyone knows about.1.2997 92458 m / sThe speed of light in space.Any person interested in science fiction, for sure, more than once imagined how he flies through the galaxy at the speed of light (about 2,997 92 458 meters per second). However, reality can be much less fun, and often simply deadly. When an object moves at the speed of light, hydrogen atoms turn into highly active particles that could easily destroy the starship&'s crew and all its electronics in no time. Only a few freely floating clouds of hydrogen in space at such a speed can produce radioactive radiation equivalent to the proton beam created at the Large Hadron Collider.2. The runaway moonEvery year, the Moon is 4 centimeters away from Earth.Each year, the moon is 4 centimeters away from Earth. Although this figure may not seem so big, it can have devastating consequences for our planet in the future. Despite the fact that the Earth&'s gravitational field should keep the moon in the Earth&'s orbit, its removal will ultimately slow down the planet&'s rotation until one day lasts more than a month.3. The concentration of matter and gravityBlack holes.As a rule, black holes form after the death of massive stars. These are areas of space with an extradense concentration of matter and such unimaginable gravity that they distort light and time. Even a small black hole in our solar system could move all the planets from their orbits and tear the sun to pieces. If this is not scary enough, then you need to know the following fact: black holes can rush through the Galaxy at a speed of several million kilometers per second, leaving chaos and destruction in its path.4. Dinosaurs and gamma raysGamma radiation.The most powerful type of explosion in the universe, gamma rays are intense, high-frequency bursts of electromagnetic radiation that in milliseconds emit as much energy as the sun in its entire life. If such a flash of radiation hit the Earth, then it could deprive the atmosphere of ozone in a matter of seconds. Some scientists even attribute the mass extinction of dinosaurs that occurred 440 million years ago to the burst of gamma radiation that hit the Earth.5. Weightlessness and psychosisZero gravity.From a scientific point of view, this is called microgravity. This state occurs when the object is in a state of free fall, i.e. weightlessness. Although at first glance it seems funny, for a long time in zero gravity conditions it can lead to long-term mental and physical disorder of a person.6. No atmosphere, no oxidationCold welding.On Earth, gases in the atmosphere react with metals, creating a thin layer of oxide. In a vacuum, there is no atmosphere and, therefore, no oxidation occurs on the metal, which leads to a rather interesting reaction. This reaction is called "cold welding" and it occurs when two pieces of metal pressed against each other are joined together on an ongoing basis, without additional heating. This caused a lot of problems when launching the first satellites.

Scary story

One cold autumn evening, I was going home from work, the fact is that when I walked I felt a strange feeling that someone was watching me, when I started to go into the house with the corner of my eye I noticed a shadow, but I thought I was overworked at work. I was frustrated that when I entered the house, the cat didn&'t come running to me as usual, but sat in the corner of the corridor, I thought that the neighbors were doing the repair so he was scared of the sounds. But ... When I took a shower, I went to bed, only now I noticed a slight fog on the street, one lamp on the street gave light. I brewed tea for myself and turned on the laptop, started doing a project that should be done tomorrow, when the kettle brewed I got up and went to make tea, for some reason I decided to look out the window. The fact that I saw there struck me and at the same time scared me. There was some kind of creature, he had no eyes, his mouth was wide open, some black fluid flowed from him. Although it did not have eyes, I felt that it saw me and watched more than one evening. While I was looking at him, it was something that quickly began to move towards my porch, suddenly the lights went out all over the house, I heard a rattle in my door, while I stood in a stupor at the door they began to knock frantically. I automatically picked up a knlfe and locked myself in the bathroom. The sound of a knocked door. It is already nearby, I felt, and then I realized that I forgot to close the door to the bathroom. Horror! I quickly hid under the bedside table. And this something went in, at that moment I disconnected. It turned out that I had been lying in a coma for two years, the neighbors armed me near my house, unconscious, I was holding a knlfe in my hands. I do not know what it is, but I am sure that this is not an accident.

smoke

Recently rode in the bus in the center . Traffic is heavy, we're going slow. I look out the window - right next to the trolley rides such a colorful uncle in a fashionable military shirt and famously twisted beret - on the right-hand drive car. Uncle relish Smoking a cigarette, putting his elbow on the open window to the end. I look at him , like he's in an aquarium. And here.. uncle finishes his cigarette, and with a deft click of an experienced smoker sends it... with a right hand to the left... Inside the cabin of his apparently newly acquired right-hand beauty. Chinarik beats in a closed window on the left and lets a beautiful cascade of smoldering embers. And the uncle with the brutal expression on his face displays (lip-read) some short but succinct spell and nervously taxis to the curb.

Did you know this fact about fashion?

Wearing shorts in public was not considered acceptable for women, until the First world war

About car

1. Currently, more than 1 billion cars are used on Earth.2. The growth of the global fleet continues due to the growth of sales of new cars in countries such as China and the United States. It is predicted that by 2050 about 2.5 billion cars will be registered on Earth.3. Cars appeared in our world when the steam engine was invented in 1769. In 1807, François Isaac de Riva developed the first car, which was driven by a gas-fired internal combustion engine.4. In 1885, Karl Benz patented the invention - the first gasoline-powered car. She had three wheels, a T-shaped steering wheel and a 1.7-liter engine. Three years later, his wife made the first car trip between the cities, the speed reached 16 km / h. At the same time, Karl began mass production of cars.5. The first car accident occurred in 1891 in Ohio, USA.6. The longest car is a limousine. The length is 30 meters! The car has 26 wheels, it folds in half and has two control cabs at both ends. Inside there is a pool, a bed, and on the roof there is a helicopter pad.7. The first number plates were issued to horse-drawn carts. Car numbers appeared in 1899 in Germany (Munich).8. In the Russian Empire in 1904 they issued the first number plate, it happened in Riga.9. In Nizhny Novgorod, at the All-Russian Industrial Exhibition in 1896, a lot of people gathered to see the "horseless crew." It was the first Russian car! A car with a single-cylinder engine with a capacity of only 2 horsepower was built in St. Petersburg.10. The first car to exceed 100 km / h was an electric car. It was designed in 1899 by race car driver Camill Zhenatzi from Belgium.11. There are a lot of expensive cars, but the Ferrari 250 GTO remains the most, 1963. 36 units left the assembly line, the cost was $ 18,000, it was possible to buy only with the permission of the owner of the plant. The record was set in 2008, when the car was sold at auction for 15.7 million euros.12. The most crowded roads in the world are in Luxembourg. There are 570 cars per 1000 people.13. The amount of the fine on the road in Finland depends on the income of the offender. So, for example, a driver received a fine of 170 thousand euros, whose annual income amounted to about 7 million euros.14. The smallest armored vehicle, the PAV1 Badger, was created by Howe and Howe Technologies. Its width was only 1 meter! The car even got the nickname "smallest tank."

Guys ! This is my new dream. I want to visit this place. Eiffel tower, France

As they say, to see Paris and die. If you find yourself in this city, you will not be able to pass by the Eiffel tower-a symbol not only of Paris, but of the whole of France. It can be seen from many points of the city, as the height of the structure is 325 meters. At night, the Eiffel tower begins to shimmer with hundreds of colorful lights. You can even climb it, however, will have to pay for it a few euros. And, of course, be sure to take a picture on the background of this most recognizable sights of France.

Be sure to visit this place !!! Waterfall Pongour, Vietnam

Known as the City of Love, Dalat in Vietnam is an incredibly romantic place. There are beautiful waterfalls, poetic landscapes, rich history and culture. And a special place among this is the waterfall Pongur. 100 meters in width and 40 in height, Pangur consists of 7 levels and flows into a small lake. The waterfall is surrounded by 25 hectares of pristine rainforest.

About Space

The satellite of Triton is gradually approaching Neptune as it rotates.The calculations of the scientists predict that Triton and Neptune will ultimately come close only to say that Triton will be unavailable, and y YoThe newt is also the only strong satellite in the entire Solar system, which rotates into a fully-rotating side.Neptuny needed 60 190 days (almost 165 years) to get around the Sun. That is, from the moment of its opening in 1846, he completed only one rotation cycle!The area of &'&'Kuiper is a region of the solar system, which is found to be Neptune, which makes it possible to separate from the rest of the world a little different.UranusUranus has a blue glow due to methane in its atmosphere, since methane does not pass through a red light.Urana had a relatively recent discovery of 27 satellites.Hurricane has a unique tilt, because of a short one night it lasts only 21 years!Uranus was originally called the "Star of George."Planet less than RussiaList of dwarf planets and other small objectsPlanet even less than Lyna!Charon is the satellite of Pluto, but with it it is not much less light in size.A day at Plato lasts 6 days and 9 hours.Pluto (according to the English Pluto) is named after the Roman god, but not the dogs from Disney, as some expect.In 2006, the International Astronomical Union re-classified Pluton into the dwarf planet.The Solar System currently has 5 dwarf planets: Ceres, Pluton, Haymea, Erida, and Makemake.Soviet satelliteThe first artificial satellite of Zemli was occupied by the USSR in 1957 and was called "Satellite-1".The first man who had traveled to Kosmos was from the Soviet Union and called him Yuri Gagarin.The second man in the cosmos was Herman Titov. He was a duplicator of Yuri Gagarin.The first female co-conspirator became a citizen of the USSR, Valentina Tereshkova.The Soviet and Russian cosmonaut Sergiy Konstantinovich Krikalyov is a rekormsmenom while staying in the skim. Its record reaches 803 days, 9 hours and 39 minutes, which is equivalent to 2.2 years!International Space StationThe international space station is the largest object, which has been launched into the cosmos at all times.An international space station manages the Earth every 90 minutes.The game of Bazza Laiter from the famous animated film "The History of the Games" was in an open scythe! He spent 15 months on board the ISS and returned to Earth on September 11, 2009.Comparison of the Earth with other cosmic objectsThe Earth's daily rotation is incremented at 0.0001 every second.The stars look flickering on the night sky, because the light coming from them is expanding in the atmosphere of the Earth.Only 24 people saw our planet from the scythe. But thanks to the Google Earth project, the rest of the people over 500 million at a time downloaded the view of the Earth from the cosmos.In recent years, the movement &'For a flat Earth&' has been activated. And it is already unclear whether they are joking or seriously waiting. Any person who enjoys a logic, can independently conduct a lot of observation and establish that the land has a sph

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